The Great Migration and The Harlem Renaissance Research Paper

The Great Migration and The Harlem Renaissance - Research Paper Example The Southern horticultural economy implied that African American ranchers needed to obtain from well off white men so as to plant and collect. The collecting interest made it incomprehensible for the dark man to completely appreciate the drudges of his difficult work. Other African Americans who filled in as farmhands were paid only enough to bear the cost of them during each time without a practical future. The provincial South offered minimal different decisions for the African Americans who were ineffectively instructed, socially segregated and stuck in an endless loop of neediness. Instruction stayed an inaccessible dream for the African Americans in the South given the expense of training. The main genuine decision left for many African Americans in the South was to emigrate toward the North. The North offered better work openings in manufacturing plants and administrations based organizations. Furthermore, the African Americans in the North were offered better open doors for tr aining and, consequently, a methods for social portability. More prominent social regard additionally had its influence in persuading millions regarding African Americans to emigrate toward the North. The First World War additionally assumed a significant job in driving a large number of African Americans to the entryways of industrial facilities. The beginning of the war had implied that work was hard to find in the Northern urban focuses. So as to renew work supplies, African Americans from the South moved to mechanical focuses, for example, Detroit where they were in huge interest. The abusive Jim Crow system in the South alongside the Ku Klax Klan’s misuses likewise constrained countless African Americans to discover better social day to day environments. The influx of displacement from the provincial South to the urban North started in the mid twentieth century and endured well into the second from last quarter of the twentieth century. The relocation of African American s by the millions into the urban communities is otherwise called the Great Migration. The main rush of the Great Migration constrained some 1.6 million African Americans to move from the country South to the more urbanized regions. This wave can be followed from the 1910s to the 1930s where the African Americans moved to the urban focuses in the North and the mid-West (Arnesen 15). As an outcome of the Great Migration, the viewpoint of major urban focuses in the United States started to change. The flood of new mechanical laborers in modern urban focuses implied that the sythesis of mechanical specialists started to change. Lodging turned into an enormous issue since the new specialists didn't have a reason to fabricated lodging offices. The new travelers were bound to their own domains, for example, the Bronx in New York. The social selectiveness of the areas in these urban focuses gave rich grounds to another social change. This move was catalyzed by the beginning of training in t hese new neighborhoods. The new rush of foreigners gave the HR just as the crowd required for another social imbuement (Andrews, Foster and Harris 103).â

Hindrance to Effective Communication Essay

New innovation, for example, advanced mobile phones ought to be an extraordinary resource and a ground-breaking help to helping us work all the more proficiently. We can react to earnest messages in a hurry, allude to valuable sites and look into snappy realities. In any case, these devices, too helping us, can likewise end up being an impediment giving data over-burden and consistent interferences. We get such huge numbers of messages and are presented to so much data that it very well may be difficult to distil what is really significant and what isn’t. We fill our cerebrums with mess and lose the capacity to concentrate on our needs and invest our energy reacting to unimportant messages. We think we are performing multiple tasks however we are getting less beneficial. We read each email however don’t consistently process the data we need. Therefore, we chance bothering the sender by requesting that they remind us what they said or to send the email once more. All the more worryingly, we permit ourselves to be diverted from progressively significant assignments by the appearing direness of each email that comes in. This data over-burden doesn’t just effect the manner in which we process data ourselves however can likewise negatively affect the manner in which others see us. It is very simple to give the feeling that you are not tuning in to the next individual. It tends to be very evident even on the phone that you are diverted by your inbox instead of giving the speaker your complete consideration. In an up close and personal gathering, obviously, it is quite clear when the individual you are conversing with is occupied by their advanced cell instead of concentrating on the substance of the gathering. In the previous quite a long while, messaging and texting have become wonders that couple of us have had the option to get away. Despite the fact that generally mainstream with the more youthful ages, it is getting progressively regular to see individuals of any age retained in quiet discussions on their mobile phones. The accessibility of consistent, moment correspondence causes numerous individuals to feel associated with their companions in manners they never were. Be that as it may, do these printed messages and moment reactions help or ruin us socially? The texting prevailing fashion brought shortened forms, for example, â€Å"LOL† (Laugh Out Loud) and â€Å"BRB† (Be Right Back) into our language as regularly acknowledged â€Å"words.† The more youthful ages visited joyfully in this new â€Å"language† while every other person attempted to comprehend what â€Å"BTW† (By the Way) and â€Å"IDK† (I Don’t Know) implied. This marvel spread over into messaging as kids as youthful as five got the most recent models of phones to speak with their loved ones. Despite the fact that everybody with a phone is unmistakably very much associated with others, the inquiry remains in the case of participating in such consistent, truncated correspondence is an assistance or a block in close to home relationship aptitudes. Over the previous decade there has been a sensational contrast in the mentalities and correspondence styles of the more youthful ages, yet what amount of this change has been intensified by the absence of eye to eye correspondence supported by the messaging furor? It is highly unlikely to tell for certain in the case of messaging and texting have really caused the breakdown of one-on-one, up close and personal correspondence with individuals, yet I trust it has not made a difference. Rather than utilizing phones as a negligible specialized apparatus, numerous youngsters see them as a need they couldn't in any way, shape or form live without. We have all observed individuals stuck to their telephones, their fingers flying over the keys as they remain in line at the store, or are stroll down the shopping center, and even alarmingly enough, while they are driving. In one case, a couple of young ladies strolling together in the shopping center conceded that they were messaging one another! I have even been occupied with a discussion with somebody when they whipped out their telephone to send an instant message to another person! Is this the sort of society we are empowering by permitting youngsters to be so reliant on their telephones? A general public where up close and personal correspondence everything except stops to exist instead of incorporeal instant messages, in any event, when the individual you are conversing with is remaining next to you? The facts may prove that the individuals sending and accepting those instant messages are speaking with one another, yet what does it say to the individuals who are very around them? What befell the days when you could stroll through the store and complete outsiders would grin and welcome you as you passed? Have the essential cultural habits of years passed by vanished for good? Utilizing phones to talk or content is certainly not a terrible thing in itself. Nonetheless, it is my sentiment that specific principles of manners ought to be applied when utilizing them so as to keep up an aware relationship with everybody you are in contact with. Being stuck to your mobile phone puts off an extremely particular sign that you are inaccessible and disconnected to everybody around you. On the off chance that you message a companion while conversing with another person you are telling the individual before you that the companion is a higher priority than they are. Awful sentence structure and spelling are additionally intensified by electronic correspondence. Continually utilizing contractions and pieces in moment correspondence imbues these negative behavior patterns into an individual. English educators have consistently attempted to empower right spelling and sentence structure in their understudies. Presently, with messaging and texting getting so pervasive, their employments are that a lot harder. Furthermore, it isn't simply in the study hall where spelling and language structure have fallen by the wayside. Organizations who are keen on keeping up an elevated level of demonstrable skill are regularly unable to discover candidates who can spell, talk, and compose appropriately. Things being what they are, what would we be able to do to help those individuals who are dependent on their telephones recall that there is a whole other world to life than messaging and texting? I accept that guardians should attempt to urge their young people to chat on the telephone for meaningful discussions, instead of messaging to and fro multiple times. Doing so will assist youngsters with growing genuine discussion abilities which are impractical in the dialect of messaging. Likewise, everybody ought to be urged to concentrate on the individual they are conversing with. In the event that you are occupied with a discussion with somebody who begins messaging some0one else, sympathetically request that they get done with chatting with you first. On the off chance that they decline, basically leave. I have utilized this strategy myself viably. For the most part, if the individual thinks about you by any stretch of the imagination, they will acknowledge how discourteous their con duct is. Things being what they are, is messaging and texting an assistance or a prevention? I trust it is both. Messaging and texting can be great types of correspondence when actualized effectively, however they can likewise be mishandled and have antagonistic impacts. Individuals of any age need to understand that balance is the key when utilizing substitute types of correspondence. By understanding when these structures are fitting and when they are not, individuals can increase significant relational abilities, be bound to retain right spelling and language structure standards, be increasingly beneficial in the business world and show up unmistakably progressively agreeable to the world by and large. Since society overall is getting progressively reliant on the moment correspondence gave by mobile phones, I accept that we should all do what we can to participate in deferential conduct ourselves and support it in others. Astounding correspondence, appropriate sentence structure and spelling don't need to be things of ages past. With a little exertion and consolation we would all be able to help guarantee that these significant estimations of yesteryears are around for people in the future. Messaging is the favored strategy for correspondence for youngsters. As per an article by Mike Flacy, DigitalTrends, â€Å"One in ten youthful grown-ups between the ages of 18 to 24 report that they send or get at any rate 200 instant messages for each day (around 6,000 messages for every month). The following age gathering, 25-multi year olds, normally normal around 42 writings for every day and this pattern keeps on diminishing down to around 5 messages per day for the 65 and more established group.† 200 instant messages for each day? Do they have the opportunity to do something else throughout everyday life? Will these youthful grown-ups get carpal passage condition of the thumbs? Do you like to content as opposed to talk? As per the overview, â€Å"Most individuals are excessively involved and occupied in today’s world that they scarcely get sufficient opportunity to have an explained discussion on telephone, and subsequently want to impart by means of text.† I can see the fascination in messaging, anyway I do get a kick out of the chance to hear a person’s voice. The feelings and kind of the discussion can be misconstrued all the more effectively through messaging. All things considered, you can’t hear the murmurs and giggling while at the same time messaging. Indeed, you can message little abbreviations like â€Å"LOL† and put little smiley faces in your content, yet mockery and incongruity are lost in messaging. I do jump at the chance to get small morning instant messages from my companions far away, and it is the means by which I speak with my child more often than not. Be that as it may, I would need to state, my favor ed technique for correspondence is voice or Skype. With messaging assuming control over, without hands gadgets are much increasingly significant. A significant number of the Smartphones have the ability of making an interpretation of voice into content to send instant messages without composing. A decent quality Bluetooth headset with clamor dropping improves this procedure much. Do you have a Bluetooth portable headset? I have a Droid X, which is somewhat awkward to hold up to your ear to talk. I love having my Bluetooth headset to utilize, particularly for performing various tasks around the house while chatting on the telephone. Also, obviously with an ever increasing number of states requiring sans hands gadgets while driving, a great headset is basic. Do you have one? What’s your top choice? In the mean time, don’t get into any thumb wrestling challenge with anybody under 30 years old. You KNOW their thumbs are coordinated and solid from messaging a bazillion words for every moment.

The Connection Between PTSD and Suicide

The Connection Between PTSD and Suicide PTSD Related Conditions Print The Connection Between PTSD and Suicide By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 23, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on January 27, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Artur Borzecki Photography/Getty Images Information presented in this article may be triggering to some people. If you are having suicidal thoughts, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 for support and assistance from a trained counselor. If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call 911 immediately. In the United States, more than 40,000 people commit suicide each year. Although women attempt suicide more so than men, men are more likely to die by suicide.?? People who have experienced a traumatic event and/or have post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be more likely to attempt suicide. Trauma, PTSD, and Suicide In a survey of 5,877 people across the United States, it was found that people who had experienced physical or sexual assault in their life also had a high likelihood of attempting to take their own life at some point:?? Nearly 22% of people who had been raped had also attempted suicide at some point in their life. In another study of adolescent girls who had been sexually abused, 46% reported having suicidal thoughts within the last three months.??Approximately 23% of people who had experienced a physical assault had also attempted suicide at some point in their life.These rates of suicide attempts increased considerably among people who had experienced multiple incidents of sexual (42.9%) or physical assault (73.5%). They also found that a history of sexual molestation, physical abuse as a child, and neglect as a child were associated with high rates of suicide attempts (17.4% to 23.9%)The National Comorbidity Survey-Replication found that sexual trauma and non-sexual physical violence were linked to more severe and chronic presentation of PTSD symptoms.??People with a diagnosis of PTSD are also at greater risk to attempt suicide. Among people who have had a diagnosis of PTSD at some point in their lifetime, approximately 27% have also attempted suicide. Another large-scale survey found that 24% of military personnel diagnosed with PTSD had experienced suicidal thinking within the past year.?? Suicide Warning Signs and Risk Factors There Is Hope: Seeking Help Experiencing a traumatic event and/or developing PTSD can have a tremendous impact on a persons life. The symptoms of PTSD can make a person feel constantly afraid and isolated. In addition, depression is common following a traumatic event and among people with PTSD.?? A person may feel as though there is no hope or escape from their symptoms, leading them to contemplate suicide. It is important to realize that even though it may feel as though there is no hope, recovery and healing is possible. If you are having thoughts of ending your life or if you know someone who is having these thoughts, it is important to seek help as soon as possible. Get Relief From the Best Online Therapy Programs

The Victor Harbor Wild Rose Cottage Brochure - 1505 Words

2. Introduction Wild rose cottage Miniature Village Tearooms is a heritage-listed facility targeted to the older demographic, however the owners Paul and Pauline Nicholas advertise it a being appropriate for all ages. The village can be located in Victor Harbor, opened every daily from 10 to 5 with an 8 dollar entry fee. The brochure states that this is a well round facility with an award-winning garden. The owners claim there is something for everyone consisting in adventures, dining and scenic views. The visuals are detailed for the audience comprehension so they can see what the business has to offer, however there is a lack of detailed text within the document. This report will critically analyze the Victor Harbor wild rose cottage brochure, and determine its effectiveness in communication, design and appeal to the audience in a professional manner. It is evident that Wild Rose Cottage needs to consider editing their document with an attention to detailed design ensuring it is suitable for a specific target audience. Secondly this report will critically analyze the brochure using a reader-centered approach. The report’s analysis is set into three sections including, the target audience, the persuasiveness and usefulness of the document and also the elements of design detailing colours and layout. Analysis/Findings 3.1 Target audience A target audience is a format small businesses choose toShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesExtraordinary Results (Capstone, 2011) Winnie-the-Pooh on Management: In Which a Very Important Bear and His Friends Are Introduced to a Very Important Subject (Penguin, 2011) Chicken Lips, Wheeler-Dealer, and the Beady-Eyed M.B.A.: An Entrepreneurs Wild Adventures on the New Silk Road (Wiley, 2011) Bodybuilders in Tutus: and 35 Other Obscure BusinessBoosting Observations (Robinwood Press, 2011) I’ll Make You an Offer You Can’t Refuse: Insider Business Tips from a Former Mob Boss (Thomas Nelson, 2011)

The Egyptian Kingdoms And Ancient Egypt - 932 Words

The history of the Egyptians included their geography and religion, the Egyptian Kingdoms, their life in the Ancient Egypt, and also their accomplishments. The Egyptian Kingdoms included the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. The Egyptians’ lives in Ancient Egypt included their society and their daily lives. Some of their accomplishments were writing, education, art, and science. The Nile River was in the heart of Africa. It is the longest river in the world with a length of 4,000 mile, 6,436 kilometer. The Nile River splits into branches and forms the Nile Delta. The Nile Delta goes into lower and upper Egypt. The upper part of the Nile Delta goes into the land upstream and to the south of Egypt. Cities developed at the point where the Nile divides. Religion provided the Egyptians with a sense of security and timelessness. Theses religious ideas represented the Egyptians as an inseparable part of the entire world. Egyptians were polytheistic meaning that they believed in multiple gods instead of just one. There are two groups of gods that the Egyptians worshipped, the sun gods and the land gods. River gods were considered land gods. The sun was a source of life so it was worth worshipping. The gods had different names and forms based on their role that they played in Egyptian religion. For example, and Egyptian ruler had the title â€Å"Son of Ra†. Ra was an Egyptian sun god. King Menes united the upper and lower part of Egypt and created the first royal dynasty.Show MoreRelatedUnderstanding The New Kingdom Of Egypt1723 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding the New Kingdom of Egypt Perhaps no other culture has intrigued the human imagination as that of ancient Egypt. From the Ancient Greeks, who treated Egypt with venerable respect, to Alexander the Great, and Napoleon, who felt it was imperative to go there, few other cultures have represented so much of universal value to all humans. The purpose of this paper is to present a brief survey of the ancient New Kingdom of Egypt. An emphasis on scholarly views will focus on culture, agricultureRead MoreAncient Egypt : A Dominant Empire1407 Words   |  6 Pages1 Running Head: ANCIENT EGYPT Ancient Egypt: A Dominant Empire Zack Horton Lincoln Charter School October 11th, 2015 Mr. Thomas Honors World History Ancient Egypt’s empire was one of the most dominant of the ancient world. Egypt had several periods of great success followed by a change in Egypt’s power. Along with Ancient Egypt’s culture, they also had an amazingly strong religious system and beliefs. The Egyptian Empire was constantly making advancements and mastering different fieldsRead MoreAchievements Of Ancient Egypt957 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Egypt: New Kingdom The Egyptian civilization emerged along the Nile River in northern Africa. The ancient Egyptians owed much of their prosperity to this location. Behind the power of the Egyptian empire lay a vast wealth of natural resources. The Nile River provided huge expanses of fertile farming ground that kept Egypt self-sufficient and usually there was abundance of food. MAPS The New Kingdom Egypt is considered the third great era of the Egyptian culture. The two achievements duringRead MoreCharacteristics Of Ancient Egypt1172 Words   |  5 PagesEgypt Essay Payton Manoogian Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt was an organized civilization because of the important civilization indicators they had- the seven indicators. Government is a part of the seven indicators. Government helped Ancient Egypt be well organized. The government had government officials and workers that worked there. Some jobs of the government were, the pharaoh, the vizier, nomarks, army commander, chief treasurer, and the minister of public buildings. The most importantRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian. Iris Kim. March.9,2017. International890 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ancient Egyptian Iris Kim March.9,2017 International Grade 8 Pg.1 ! Introduced Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. It is one of six civilizations to arise independently. Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh Narmer. The history of ancient Egypt occurredRead MoreAchievements and Weaknesses of the Middle Kingdom and Its Downfall1316 Words   |  6 PagesIn Ancient Egypt, the Middle Kingdom is seen as one of its finest ages. This is because it was a time of ‘expanding political strength’ and ‘broader economic horizons’[1]. Generally thought to be from approximately 2000 B.C. to 1780 B.C.,[2] it was during the Twelfth Dynasty that Egyptians opened a wide trade amongst other countries, improved agricultural systems, fortified and expanded Egyptian borders with a strong military reputation, and explore the arts and literature to a depth which EgyptiansRead MoreAncient Egyptian Portraitures Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pagespopularity of and the fascination with Egyptian Art come from the pyramids, mummies, and hieroglyphs. The theme of the exhibition is about racial types in Ancient Egyptian Art it will survey the various naturalistic facial features found in the non-royal sculptures. In contrast, the Royal portraits are extremely symbolic in representing human figures with the combination of human gods and animal forms that tend to portray idealized, conventional faces of Egypt. Utilizing objects from the permanentRead MoreEgyptian Civilization And The Egyptian Empire1614 Words   |  7 Pagesthe world is the Egyptian empire. Egyptian Civilization has contributed plenty to the world civilization and use most of its contributions today. Egyptian Empire started with the reign of Egypt’s first king, Narmer, in approximately 3100 BCE, and ended with the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BCE. The history of ancient Egypt occurred in a three series of stable Kingdoms which are: the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age, the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age and the New Kingdom of the Late BronzeRead MoreAncient Egypt : The Nile River1287 Words   |  6 PagesAncient Egypt Unified in around 3100 BC, Ancient Egyptians developed one of the best known cultures in this world. Egypt, like many other civilizations before and after it, depended and relied on geography and natural landforms to flourish. The most important of these was the Nile. The Nile River is the longest river in the world, spanning over 4,000 miles long. It runs from Central Africa and north to the Mediterranean Sea. The Egyptians developed on a 750-mile stretch of the Nile. EveryRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between The Middle Kingdom And Ancient Egypt891 Words   |  4 PagesDespite the ancient Egyptians conservative nature and keeping to their core values, there were many changes within the infrastructure of their society during the middle kingdom. When Historians and scholars study the Old Kingdom, and the Middle Kingdom, One will notice that alterations to their religion, art, and architecture changed through both periods in history. Internal forces, as well as outside influences, shaped ancient Egyptian civilization. One would argue that the terms Old, middle and

Clothes Make the Difference Free Essays

People have a lot of different perceptions about the way that people dress these days. When you see a man or a woman in a suit, what do you normally think? Most would say they look like a â€Å"business person† or they look like they are going somewhere â€Å"important†. This is one of the many out looks people have about people and their dressings. We will write a custom essay sample on Clothes Make the Difference or any similar topic only for you Order Now Whether people like to admit it, the way you dress says a lot about who you are and they type of personality you hold. This is shown in many ways having to do with things in the media, the school environment, and just everyday life around us. Being looked upon as a business person is obviously not the only way that people are perceived. Throughout the years, people have generated many stereo-typical names or concepts for people based off of the way they dress every day. Some are good and some not so much. When it comes to working in the professional setting, there is usually a strict dress code of what is acceptable and what is not. They have this set of guidelines for a good reason. For instance, if you are Working in an office building or maybe at a corporate office, you would most likely be required to wear business suits, or for women a skirt and a dress jacket over the shirt. Clothes are a very important way to look respectable and to represent the line of work you are in. According to Bill Greehey, chairman of Valero Energy Corp, â€Å"Whatever you’re wearing, you’re representing not only yourself, but also the company. And more companies nowadays are interested in the way their employees are representing them† (Thiruvengadam 3).This is a good way of showing how much it affects you if you dress badly in the wrong setting. On the other hand, the problem of women dressing too â€Å"sexy† in the work area has been a growing crisis throughout the years. When women wear sexy or provocative clothing when at work, people look down upon that and find it hard to take them seriously. In a sense though, it is possible for men to dress sexy at work also. A man can wear his shirt unbuttoned a little too much at work and that can be taken as offensive or too sexy, but usually goes unnoticed.Although it may be hard to believe, it is shown that more women dressing provocatively at work are looked down upon more then when males do. When a woman dresses out of the ordinary at work, it raises an argument. That is a whole different argument though. Researcher, Peter Glick tries to argue the other side of this. â€Å"What makes men attractive to women; being industrious, ambitious, having a good job and a high status, being a powerful leader—are also the same traits that make them successful at work† (Thiruvengadam 3). Is this really the truth though?In most office settings, plunging necklines, very short skirts and very high heels are not appropriate attire. â€Å"You want to get noticed for your achievements, not how high your heels are or how tight your skirt is†, states Diane Gottsman, a work force etiquette expert (Sewing 3). When you start a new job you want to send the message of power and prove to people that you are worth having as an employee. If you dress too sexy or in provocative garments, you start to lose your voice and power. Today’s society had become very easily influenced by many things in the world.In the above picture, it shows a group of business personnel in their work uniforms. This is the type of clothing that is usually acceptable if you are working in a business related place. You see that the women are required to wear skirt suits or pant suits and the men are required to wear dress suits. All of them have covering that is appropriate and doesn’t show too much skin. The media, in my opinion, is the biggest influence that affects people. People are influence by violence, sex appeal, and other people in the media the most.When a show like The Apprentice, or shows with business people comes on, what are they usually wearing? They are all dressed up in suits and skirts and shirts. This is because they are trying to make a good impression on people and make a good impression for their position they are working for. This picture is taken of the group from the show, The Apprentice. This shows a more casual style of dressing for the business scene, but it is still a modest dress to represent them and the company they work for. Most people view dressing in this way as the ideal way to dress when working in the business field.If a person walked into a business building for an interview wearing sweat pants and a sweatshirt, do you think they would get the job? Probably not, because what people are looking for when they want to hire someone is someone who takes pride in the way they look and gives off the message that they will take pride in this job. According to Barbara Greene, an executive, â€Å"As a worker, you’re serving as a role model for other members of your organization. When you dress inappropriately, whether it be in provocative clothing or dressed-down clothing, your authority is questioned and your credibility is questioned (Thiruvengadam 3).Her advice Is, â€Å"The closer to the CEO you are, the more conservatively you should dress† (Thiruvengadam 3). Perceptions are a big part of today’s society, and they are continuing to have a big impact on people. No matter where you go, how you dress says a lot about the type of person you are. Many things influence people to dress in certain ways such as the media, other people, and the types of careers we enter into. If you care at all, you’ll get some results; if you care enough, you’ll get incredible results- Unknown quote. How to cite Clothes Make the Difference, Papers

William FortenbaughProfessor YadavComparative Poli Essays

William FortenbaughProfessor YadavComparative Politics of the Middle EastNovember 11th, 2017The Role of Religion in Gulf State ActionsSectarian tensions in the Gulf region play a major role in dictating actions by states. As the United States influence in the Gulf in realized to be less then originally thought, Gulf powers have scrambled to fill the gaps and protect their regimes from foreign actor influence. Religion has become a factor in justifying the actions of one regime onto the other. Religion is a resource of regime security because it helps GCC states assert sovereignty and political legitimacy across intra-sectarian lines. I will analyze the Gulf Cooperation Council states Qatar and Saudi Arabia to help prove this conclusion.Saudi Arabia has proven that it wants all Sunni majority GCC states to align with its views on how to handle religious beliefs different from its own. In 2013, Qatar's ruler, Sheikh Hamas Bin Khalifa al-Thani stepped down and handed power to his son Ta mim. Seizing the opportunity of an inexperienced new ruler, Saudis and Emirates pressured the ruler to "fall into line" with their Gulf politics. Specifically, Qatar was helping Islamist groups rebrand themselves into more acceptable religious organizations in hopes they would attract more followers. Tamim did negotiate with the Saudis, but used religion as a resource to assert political legitimacy through its actions with the Muslim Brotherhood. At a time of regional uprisings for more representation of citizens, Qatar harbored members of the Muslim Brotherhood, which: "seeks power through electoral means". Many Gulf monarchs saw this as a direct threat to their sovereignty because "even the oil-rich kingdoms were not 100 percent immune' to the uprisings, for at stake were principles of representation rather than questions of economic well-being." Toby Matthiesen identifies the fear by the Saudi regime of their own political legitimacy in the region when the uprisings began: what a larmed the officials was the reaction of the Shiite communities in their Eastern Province who were inspired by a call for democratic reform and increased shiite rights in Bahrain. By harboring the Muslim Brotherhood from prosecution of Gulf monarchs, such as Saudi Arabia who sees their stance on electoral government and cross-sectarian cooperation as a direct threat to their regime, Qatar established its political legitimacy through the Muslim Brotherhood. With the possibility of uprisings calling for increased Shiite representation and democratic elections, Saudi Arabia used religion to reinforce its political legitimacy in the region. Saudi Arabia worked to maintain its political legitimacy within the Gulf in the wake of the Arab Spring uprisings of 2011. "In face, the Saudi response to the whole Arab Spring, both at home and abroad, was based on the fear that an opposition to the ruling family could emerge that would unite Sunni and Shia." In order to combat the possibility of a cross-sectarian alliance in its own backyard, Saudi Arabia sent troops into Bahrain to crush the uprising and protect the al-Khalifa family. This demonstrates the ability of Saudi Arabia to use religion as a resource to protect the political legitimacy of its ruling family. An article by Clark and Khatib makes a claim that the views of many monarchs: that Islam and democracy and not comparable, differs from the views of the general population. "Rather, from mosque sermons to newspaper columns, campus debates to coffee-shop discussions, large numbers of Arabs and other Muslims contents that the tenet's of Islam are inherently democratic." This creates a troubling scenario for Saudi monarchs because these views are similar to the democratic representation presented by the Muslim Brotherhood to the Arab people. Therefore, religion becomes a important resource to maintain political legitimacy because inciting cross-sectarian anger prevents a unified cross-sectarian opposition who seek g reater representation. Mattheisen states that Gulf rulers sectarianize politics to prevent cross-sectarian opposition because "people whose political, social and economic standing depends on the skillful manipulation of sectarian boundaries and who profit if these boundaries become the defining markers of a particular segment of society." The manipulation of sectarian divides was a main driving force that led Saudi Arabia to bring its troops into Bahrain and crush the cross-sectarian opposition. The initial interest to protect its own political legitimacy transformed into a protection of Saudi Arabia sovereignty

How to Sound Smart When You Have Nothing to Say

How to Sound Smart When You Have Nothing to Say You’ve all been caught in a conversation or meeting where you really,  really have no idea what’s going on, right? You try to understand the gist of the topic, but you keep drifting. And then†¦it’s your turn to speak.  What can you do to say something coherent  in order to seem cool, collected, and competent? Here, New York Magazine gives stellar advice on how to give the impression that you are aware, awake, and interested in any topic.

Cómo obtener una visa para trabajo temporal en EE.UU.

Cà ³mo obtener una visa para trabajo temporal en EE.UU. Para trabajar legalmente en Estados Unidos es requisito tener uno de los varios documentos que lo permiten. Obviamente, los ciudadanos de los EE.UU. pueden trabajar, pero tambià ©n los titulares de las tarjetas de residencia permanente, conocida como green card, o los migrantes en situaciones especiales que les permiten solicitar un permiso de trabajo como, por ejemplo, asilados, muchachos con DACA o extranjeros en proceso de ajuste de estatus. Pero tambià ©n existe la posibilidad de tener una visa que autorice a trabajar por un periodo de tiempo determinado. Para obtener una de dichas visas es necesario que el perfil del trabajador extranjero se ajuste a las caracterà ­sticas del visado y que el trabajador encuentre empresa dispuesta a patrocinarlo. Adems, es imprescindible que la empresa inicie los trmites En la mayorà ­a de los casos eso implica un proceso ante el Departamento de Trabajo y el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Naturalizacià ³n (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Solamente cuando la empresa patrocinadora ha hecho todos los trmites que exige la visa que quiere patrocinar puede el trabajador solicitar la visa en un consulado o Embajada de los Estados Unidos Listado de visas para trabajar en EE.UU. Cada aà ±o se otorgan cientos de miles de visados de trabajo temporales en diferentes categorà ­as, cada una con sus propios requisitos. El primer paso para obtener visa de trabajo es informarse sobre si se cumplen los requisitos de perfil de cada una de ellas. Las principales son: E-3, para trabajadores australianosC1/D, para miembros tripulacià ³n cruceroG-1 a G-5, organizaciones internacionalesH-1B, profesionales con conocimientos altamente especializados o modelosH-1B1, profesionales con conocimientos especiales de ChileH-1A, trabajadores en agriculturaH-2B, trabajadores no especializados en trabajos no agrà ­colasI, periodistaL-1, tranfers entre empresasO, profesionales con habilidad extraordinaria en Arte, Ciencias, Educacià ³n, Deportes o NegociosP, artistas, atletas y espectculosR, religiososTN, para profesionales mexicanos Cà ³mo encontrar patrocinador para visa trabajo en EE.UU. Sin una empresa estadounidense que actà ºe como patrocinadora, no hay visa de trabajo. Sin embargo, ninguna persona extranjera puede ingresar a EE.UU. con la intencià ³n de buscar trabajo. Por lo tanto, es complicado el proceso de obtener patrocinador. El primer paso para intentarlo es preguntar a personas que han tenido o tienen una visa de trabajo temporal y solicitar los contactos en el Departamento de Recursos Humanos o sobre reclutadores que trabajen para esas empresas. Si no hay resultados positivos, es el momento de buscar directamente patrocinador. Se estima que solo 1 de cada 16 empresas de Estados Unidos patrocinan visas temporales, ello es debido a la complejidad de los trmites y a que es caro. Sin embargo, las empresas que en el pasado han patrocinado, son estadà ­sticamente ms favorables a volverlo a hacer. Por esta razà ³n, el siguiente paso en la bà ºsqueda de patrocinador debe ser informarse sobre quà © empresas han contratado extranjeros y con quà © tipo de visa. Por ejemplo, Departamento de Trabajo publica el listado de empresas que han pedido certificados laborales como paso previo a la solicitud de visa. Este es un buen camino particularmente para visas como la H-1B para profesionales. En el caso de buscar un H-2A o H-2B, es importante informarse sobre los reclutadores que operan en terceros paà ­ses como, por ejemplo, Mà ©xico. Es importante verificar la reputacià ³n de los reclutadores para evitar fraude. Para algunas visas agencias privadas trabajan habitualmente con empresas para ayudarles a seleccionar trabajadores. Por ejemplo, en el caso de cruceros. Si asà ­ tampoco se obtiene patrocinador, se puede intentar en bases de datos conocidas, en la red social LinkedIn o, incluso, para algunas visas como la H-1B es posible contactar con universidades, para el caso de profesores o investigadores, y tambià ©n con consultoras boutique o grandes tipo TCS o WIPRO. El problema con las consultoras es que pueden pedir dinero por este servicio y las leyes migratorias prohiben el pago de una cuota para obtener una visa de trabajo. Esto podrà ­a dar problemas en el momento de solicitar la visa o, incluso, aà ±os ms tarde. Finalmente, existen servicios como el de USponsor Me que analizan el perfil del trabajador en busca de patrocinador y determinan si cumplen los requisitos para una visa de trabajo e indican cules son las empresas que buscan ese perfil y estn dispuestas a patrocinar. Trmites para una visa de trabajo y costo para empresa La empresa debe seguir un trmite burocrtico que puede ser complicado para patrocinar, de ahà ­ que muchas veces se recurra a una agencia o a un bufete de abogados especialista en este tipo de gestiones. En algunos casos, como por ejemplo en el de la H-1B para profesionales y modelos es preciso realizar un paso previo antes de contactar con las autoridades de inmigracià ³n: pedir una Aplicacià ³n de Certificacià ³n Laboral al Departamento de Trabajo. La empresa patrocinadora debe rellenar y enviar al USCIS la planilla I-129 y pagar la tarifa correspondiente. Una excepcià ³n a esta regla son  las visas C1/D de tripulacià ³n- todo tipo de trabajadores- para trabajar en cruceros es suficiente que la naviera extienda un contrato de trabajo y envà ­e una carta oficial al tripulante para que pueda solicitar visa en el consulado. Si la solicitud de visa es aprobada por el USCIS, a continuacià ³n se empieza a gestionar la visa para el trabajador extranjero solicitndola al consulado correspondiente. La solicitud puede ser negada en cualquier momento de su tramitacià ³n si faltan documentos, si el trabajador no cumple con los requisitos de la visa o si à ©ste es inadmisible para ingresar a Estados Unidos. El coste para la empresa de la visa de trabajo es caro. La tarifa del formulario I-129 es de $460. Adems, dependiendo de las circunstancias la empresa debe pagar la tarifa de deteccià ³n de fraude ($500), cumplir con la Ley de Competitividad Americana ($750 a $1500) y si tiene ms de 50 empleados o ms del 50 por ciento de sus trabajadores son extranjeros debe pagar entre $4000 y $4500 ms. Adems, si utilizan los servicios de un abogado deber pagar sus honorarios. Puntos Clave: visas de trabajo Existen numerosas visas de trabajo temporal para Estados Unidos pero es necesario tener un patrocinador estadounidense que inicie todo el trmite y brinde un contrato. Sin esos requisitos no se puede solicitar dicha visa.Principales visas de trabajo: H-1B (profesionales y modelos), H-2A (agricultura), H-2B (trabajo no especializado no agrà ­cola), O (trabajadores con habilidad extraordinaria en Arte, Ciencias, Deporte, Educacià ³n o Negocios), TN (profesionales mexicanos).Trmites: Puede ser necesario como primer paso que la empresa obtenga un Certificado laboral del Departamento de Trabajo. La empresa debe solicitar al USCIS un trabajador extranjero mediante el formulario I-129. Solo si USCIS aprueba peticià ³n puede solicitarse visa de trabajo en consulado.Costo: adems de abogados, tarifa del I-129 ($460 por trabajador) ms gastos adicionales como deteccià ³n de fraude, cumplimiento de la ley sobre competitividad americana y cargo a empresas con ms de 50 empleados o con ms del 50 por ciento de extranjeros en la fuerza laboral. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Atmospheric pollution and its affect on human health Essay

Atmospheric pollution and its affect on human health - Essay Example Accidental air comes from leakage and blasts in industrial furnaces, as well as through ample consumption of fuel alternatives, and smoking. On the other hand, industrial air pollution characterizes a type that pollutes the environment via the emissions caused by thermal plant operations, wide use of construction materials such as cement and steel, fertilizers, pesticides, atomic units, and industrial wastes. Green house effect derived from the contamination of several important gases and fossil fuel combustion in the air makes another foul contribution and this type is especially characteristic of green house gases namely carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, nitrous oxide, and ozone which return to the lower atmospheric region after evolution against gravity. Transport related air pollution similarly originates from smoke brought about by petrol or diesel burnt in different vehicular engines which correspondingly emit noxious gases in mild to poisonous concentrations at worst. How does each of these types of air pollution affect human health and the environment? Smog is proven to have caused serious respiratory diseases as in the 1952 incident in London that resulted in the death of 4,000 people. Greenhouse gases equivalently pose threat on crops and livestock besides exhibiting potential harm on human skin which may be impacted by corrosion or cancer upon based on critical gas levels. As heat exceedingly builds up due to greenhouse effect, this further leads to climate change and global warming. By transport related air pollution, carbon monoxide for instance can drive oxygen out of the bloodstream, causing apathy, fatigue, headache, disorientation, and decreased muscular coordination and visual acuity. Industrial plants capable of releasing untreated wastes along with high levels of sulfuric or nitric acids make possible the precipitation of acid rain that gradually erodes building structures, contaminates vegetation, drinking water, and even the aquatic ha bitat. Birth defects, genetic mutations, and damage to neurological systems may also follow as consequences of long-term exposure to toxic materials with high percentages in air. What are some ways to control air pollution? Since human activities comprise either the primary or secondary sources of air pollution, control over these activities hence becomes essential in suppressing pollutants from building up in hazardous degrees of contact with the atmosphere. Car pool is one such means to arrive at this goal which takes to effect lower consumption of fossil fuels once fewer cars are used upon implementation. This way, fossil fuels are sustained and conserved for later applications. In the similar manner, taking advantage of the public transport may help regulate emissions properly besides being an act of support to augment public income. One may opt to walk or simply ride a bicycle to cover short distances as much as possible so that certain quantities of gas are saved while there w ould be a number of places which can be freed eventually of smoke and of the uncomfortably warmer temperatures due to sensible heat if most people heartily participate in this endeavor of minimizing the use of major emission source. Likewise, there is quite an immense worth in utilizing alternative sources of energy aside from the traditional fuels. If there emerges

Management and the Cultural Industries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management and the Cultural Industries - Essay Example Music industry has as well attracted many followers and new artists are coming up every now and then hoping to make a living out of it. Features of music industry Diversity Music is one industry that has attracted people from all walks of life. No one is taken to be an alien in music since it incorporates all and inspires all regardless of gender, race, tribe or even age. It is so diverse that anyone can choose what they want to listen to (Abraham, 1974, p.292). It is not limited to only one theme but is diversified to accommodate all people so that everyone feels accommodated in this industry. Use of rhythms Any song produced is characterised by a certain way of presenting the lyrics to the audience. This way matters a lot since some musicians may sing off key and thus their music may not sell much. It is the organization of the beats and singing in a rhythmical way that makes all the difference. One can’t just present a song in any way and expect to change the audience. One rule should be: ‘present with audience in mind’. Practical Music is so applicable in our day to day lives and affects the way we lead our lives day in day out. One can identify with a certain song and be positively influenced maybe to stop a certain bad habit. Music is not a past tense event but one we live with thus assists in making our lives better if well applied where possible. Variety of compositional structures Music has several structures of composition since it could be solo or choir depending on the preference of the artist. Passages of homophonic chords could also be applied to make it livelier. This is could have a harmonic accompaniment which could be applied at the introduction, dynamic build up, and others at the climax (Dahlhaus, 1991, p.260). Reality of work in music cultural industry Music industry has grown pretty fast in this century as compared to how it was few decades ago. Much improvement has been made to ensure that this industry competes well w ith other industries. Players have been sensitised on how to ensure that their music is marketable and can reach many people and help them in various issues of life other than entertaining them. Players ought to concentrate very well to make sure that they are not carried away by fame and forget that music is self-employment and earns a living to them who take with the seriousness it deserves. Taking music as work is one character that will greatly assist the artists and make them realise that it needs to be taken seriously. It calls for one to work very hard and avoid many interruptions to concentrate with it. It could even land one to other side jobs such as master of ceremony in other events if taken seriously and accorded maximum concentration and dedication. In normal business life, working with dedication is suicidal to one’s business as well as life. It is imperative that business people learn to work hard just as music industry players do. Thus, a business person and one who works in the music industry get connected in that both have to work hard to their level best to ensure that they get maximum

Research Problem

Research Problem CHAPTER-2: FORMULATION OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND STEPS OF RESEARCH 2.1 INTRODUCTION: One of the important concepts and the back bone of research analysis is that of ‘identifying research problem(s). This is the real difficulty that commonly creates puzzle in the minds of researchers at the initial stage of research work. It is rather researchers perception or recognition of a difficulty that motivates him/her for planning a research. All the imagination that rules in the mind of a researcher while recognizing about a research, difficulty may not be necessarily a best fit and accurate problem, for which, the process and task of identification of a good research problem is considered as a ‘discovery in itself. 2.2 FORMULATION OF RESEARCH PROBLEM However, in a general meaning, a research problem may be stated as some difficulty which an individual (manager) or organization(s) or society faces and the solution on the existing difficulty is sought. A proper, systematic and thorough analysis of a research problem will definitely enable the researcher (may be social scientist in case of social science research or business executive in case of business research) to be on the right track in the process of research. As it is often said that a problem or difficulty may be defined/stated clearly treated as half solved. As much as the researcher is clear about the problem, it will be better on his/her part to smoothly carry on the entire consequential steps continuously one after the other in the process of execution of a scientific research work. 2.3 COMPONENTS OF RESEARCH PROBLEM: The components of identifying a research problem imply that of analyzing some basic necessities which are required in the process of identifying a research problem. In this process, a research goal should satisfy five basic requirements as outlined below: a. Existence of Both Researcher(s) and Respondent(s): One of the basic requirements for identifying a research problem is the presence of both the parties- the researcher(s) and the respondent (s). The respondent(s) may be an individual or a group who face some difficulty or problem. Similarly, the researcher may be an individual or a group who want to solve the existing problem of the respondent(s). The respondents may be the customers, employees, executives etc., in case of business research where as they may be common human beings in case of social science research. For example, if the respondents are not facing any difficulty, then there may not arise any question of decision-making and hence, no chance of research. b. Both Must Have Some Objectives: The second basic requirement is that, to identify a research problem, both the parties must have some objectives. The respondents want to fulfill their basic requirements of life, want to live in a healthy environment, willingness to purchase new products, to maintain standard of living and as a whole are having unlimited wants. The researchers task is to solve the existing huddles in the process of achieving the desires of the respondents i.e., satisfaction of unlimited human wants. c. Both Must Have Some Doubt While Selecting Alternatives: The respondents are having a number of alternatives with them. This creates doubts in their mind while deciding which alternative to select. Similarly, the researchers are also having few alternatives in the form of doubts. This may lead to the question of selecting the important one that can solve the existing problem in a better way. For example: Let that Hindustan Unilever Ltd. (HUL), is interested to lunching a new brand of tooth paste, with the brand name ‘PARAS in India. The RD cell of HUL is interested to know the market picture of this product and wants to predict the feasibility of the product in the market before introducing it. The researchers of HUL may identify some problem areas like: Who are the major competitor in this product category?, What are the brand image and share of different competitors?, What is the dealers reaction towards the proposed product? In which market segment (area) HUL should concentrate? etc. All these are required for the RD members for suggesting their management while deciding on whether to lunch the product or not? All the four alternatives chosen can give the answer to the question that whether or not to go for the new product. But due to some constraint the team has to make a choice between the alternatives and have to concentrate on any one or few alternatives. No w it is very difficult on the part of the researcher(s) to decide that which one will give better result to achieve at the desired objectives. Similarly, the respondents are also having number of alternatives with them while purchasing a product. d. There Must be an Environment: An activity can emerge in an environment. Like wise a research problem can exist in an environment. The environment may be social, business, political, demographic, technological or any such environments characterized by problems of any kind. 2.4 FACTORS OF PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION: Originating problems or questions constitute the initial phase in the process of problem-formulation. The process of problem finding is having some component of analysis. These components answer to the general questions like how to proceed in the process of problem identification? In this connection Gupta 2001, distinguishes three principal components in the progressive formulation of a research problem like: * What one wants to know? (The originating a general question) * Why one wants to have the particular questions answered? (the rationale behind the question) * Analyzing the questions formatted in search of their appropriateness. a. What One Wants to Know? This type of question generally represents the beginning of certain difficulties or challenges which, should be formulated in such specific terms so as to indicate where exactly the answers to the problem can be found. One type of originating question calls for discovering particular matter of common interest. Another type of originating question draws direct attention to the search for analysis and comparison between different variables in a society. Some questions may be descriptive in nature, while another group of researchers may raise the questions based on the adequacy of certain concepts, while some may be interested in analyzing observed empirical generalizations and so on. b. Why One Wants to Have the Particular Question Answered? The second phase of problem formulation is that of analyzing the vagueness or rational of the formulated question. Rationale is defined as the statement of reasons why a particular question is having some value in that circumstances. Hence, it answers to the question how the answers to the question(s) formulated will contribute to theory or/and in practice? c. Analyzing the Questions Formulated: Each question differs to that of another question in their degree of specificity. Some questions may be quite diffused where as some may be relatively specific and some questions formulated may be undifferentiated or fused. Thus the questions must be broken down into several specifying questions related to the particular aspects may be from management field or related to the areas of social science or can be any combination between the two. 2.5. NATURE OF THE PROBLEM: One of the important concerns before finalizing the problem in research is that of thoroughly scanning the nature of the identified problem(s) by the researcher. As it is already stated earlier that the researchers may face number of huddles (i.e., limited time, less budget, lack of resources etc.) in the process of research, hence, they have to compare the huddles that they are facing and the nature of problem they have identified. The following derivation will help the reader in clarifying this concept. Case-1: When the problem is narrow in scope Foe example: ‘Soft drink habits of management students of a particular institute of a specific area?. Like ‘Soft drink habits of management students of IMF, Bangalore. ‘Socio-economic condition of fruit sellers of Noida etc Solution: These cases require less time to execute, less expensive and also requires fewer resources. Case-2: When the problem identified is broad in scope For example: ‘Impact of world economic crisis on corporate employment ‘Impact of government programmes on rural development in India Solution: Take Long time, expensive and need more resources. Case-3: The problem identified cannot be measured For example: ‘Will this new information technology make society better? ‘Is it possible to shift the human being to Moon to settle there? Solutions: Difficult to estimate. Based on the accessible limitations, the researchers are advised to select their own problem. If they are having less time, less finance to execute research work etc., here it is advisable to identify a research problem which may be narrow in scope and so on. 2.6. SOURCES OF IDENTIFYING RESEARCH PROBLEM(S): Where is the problems lie? or what will be the sources of research problem? This is the question that generally puzzles the minds of researchers at the beginning stage of the research. Most of the researchers are always in search of research problems. The task of problem selection is always confusing. One can explore a research problem basically from three important sources. They are 1. Researchers own interest 2. Contemporary interests of the researcher 3. Identifying unexplored areas 1. Researchers Own Interest: Gupta (2001) pointed out that personal values play an important role along with other determinants in the selection of a topic of research. Researcher(s) with different values tend to choose different topics for investigation. It is always advisable and better to select the problem based on the own interest of the researcher itself. A researcher may select a problem for research from a given situation or circumstances or existing theory as per his/her area of interest. One may generate an idea either while reading a research paper or reading a particular subject in self interested areas. For example, while doing my Ph. D in economics, I am very much interested to explore the level of living in India. Box-2.1: Illustration of Own Interest in Research A popular way of looking at the level of living of the people in the country is to look at the state of inequality in the distribution of income and the level of poverty by analysing their consumption pattern. One of the major curiosities in the Indian economy is to define and estimate a poverty line and to determine the percentage of people below it. There are number of methods to estimate poverty line and number of indices to measure the magnitude of inequality and incidence of poverty. The scope of the study is limited to some popular and widely used traditional, modern (non-ethical) and the recently developed ethical measures of poverty and to some positive and normative measure of inequality to estimate the incidence of poverty and magnitude of inequality in the state. 2. Contemporary Interest of the Researcher: In the busy world, a researcher may come across various problems which require a specific study. Beside personal interest, social and or business environmental conditions do often shape the preference of investigators in order to identify research problem (s). Since societies and/or business environments differ in respect of the premium they place on the work in different fields, hence, these differences affect the choice of research topics. In a given socio-business condition, thousands and thousands of opportunities prevail and can be identified. It is however, researchers own conscious, matters a lot while identifying a research problem. For instance, suppose the prices of major durable goods like that of TVs, washing machines etc., are reducing day-to-day in the electronic market in India, here, the researcher may be interested to study the extent of reduce in price in different time periods, factors that are influencing the acquisition of durables, diffusion of durable goods and hence, demand for the durable goods in the market and so on. Conversion of a problem of contemporary interest into a good and interesting research topic depends largely on the skill and expertise of the researcher in that field of knowledge. 3. Gap in the Existing Theories/Principles: The third source in the process of problem identification is of analyzing the existing gap in the available theories or principles in literatures. Irrespective of rapid expansion of communication, there still exists gap between what is known and what is unknown. This identification of gap between the two is the task of the researcher while selecting a research problem. This type of research would be extending and broadening the field of knowledge in that area. The theoretical or empirical studies conducted on this basis may sometimes alter, modify or revise the existing theories or principles. Here, the researcher uses some existing theories or principles from any discipline of knowledge, may be managerial economics, macro economics, international trade, marketing management, consumer behaviours, finance etc., in the empirical analysis and suggest some modification or development of some new theories in the existing one. Box-2.2: Methods of Estimating Unit Consumer Scales: Consumption pattern of a household, in general is affected by several factors, which may be of economic and non-economic in nature. For example, age-sex distribution, marital status, occupation etc., of the members of the household might be the significant determinants of the consumption pattern in addition to income, tastes, size of the household etc. Since different types of household members have different needs and ability to consume, the actual decisions regarding expenditure by a household are considerably influenced by the consumption of the household (in terms of age-sex etc.). Several researchers1 have proposed alternative methods of estimation of unit consumer scales (to estimate the ‘specific and ‘income unit consumer weights, which constitute ‘specific and ‘income scales respectively). In the beginning, the effect of a single additional individual on the household consumption was used to investigate, by comparing group of households with identical composition except for the presence or absence of one members. This approach was soon abandoned in view of its inefficient results and various other difficulties (Kemsley, 1952). The limitations of this method are: (1) it is difficult to get sufficient number of households of the requisite type and (2) it is possible that consumption pattern of the households of this type may be different by several other factors such as income distribution, regional, climatic and social conditions etc. As a result, subsequent researchers in the field mainly considered child as a fraction of an adult. Although, this idea was originally propounded by Carrol and Bright (1875) and then by Engel (1857) but its scientific treatment was done by Sydenstricker and King (1921). Singh (1968), Singh and Nagar (1973) adopted a modified version of Prais and Houthakkers iterative procedure to estimate both the specific and income scales independently of any such restrictions and assumptions as employed in the models of Forsyth (1960), Barten (1969) and Coondoo (1973, 1975). It is obvious that the same form of the Engel function (in per capita or per unit terms) may not describe the consumption pattern with respect to all the items of consumption. Prais and Houthakker choose to work with only the semi-log and the double-log in their study. However, Singh and Nagars model need not be constrained by any particular form of the Engel function. Instead, they scan through eleven different functional forms and (viz. L, DL, SL, EX, LI, HYP, P, LP, LO, LLI and SLI) and select for the purpose of analysis the one which (i) provide initial and final critical levels of demand below and above which the consumer would not have any demand for the item in question however low or high his income may be, (ii) satisfy the Slutskys conditions and (iii) explains the maximum variation in the dependent variable. Hence, it can be said that selection of a research topic is not the end of research process rather it is only half a step forward. The selection of topics does not help the researcher to see the data are relevant to the methodology to be used, the design of the research etc. 2.7. PROCESS FOR FORMATION OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM: There are number of processes of identification of research problem. They are as follows: 1. Systematic Inquiry Through Pilot Survey: Having a few alternatives in mind, the researcher has to inquiry about the viability of each alternative through pilot survey. The process of pilot survey is nothing but is the preliminary study that the researchers are generally doing before finalization of research topic. This will help the researcher in keeping close contact with the problem to that of related requirements like-the condition of the study area, the nature of the respondents, the expected difficulty in data collection, the time frame required to complete the study, the approximate budget required etc., to solve the problem identified. Some times, it so happens that, the problem selected even though looks easy but in practice it is not so easy to execute. 2. Survey of Existing Literature: Scanning the literature is having multiple advantages to the researcher. In one hand, it helps the researcher to be familiar with the concepts already available in the literature, hence, add some new knowledge to the researcher in the required area. On the other hand, it also helps the researcher in selecting new alternatives, fixation of hypotheses, deciding objectives of study and so on from the existing literature. 3. Group Discussions: Group discussions is the process of discussing about particular topics among the persons who are associated with the work. In group discussions each person in the group shares their own existence and knowledge on a particular topic. It may help the researcher in getting the number of new ideas or knowledge to the existing source of knowledge. Again, discussions with the experts also pave a new way and new idea in the existing field. It also provides some practical knowledge which will help the researchers in the process of execution of the research work. Hence, it can be said that a problem/statement gives information concerning who, what, where and how? 2.8. CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH PROBLEM: Before finalization of the research problem, the researcher should aware of several conditions and considerations although there is no hard and first rule that all the research problem should follow all the criteria, still few criteria in the form of conditions might be listed for guidance in the selection of a topic. They are: (a) Clarity in problem -the problem selected must have perfect clarity without creating any confusion; (b) Novelty- The problem formulated should be original one so that it should not involve objectionable duplications. Originality is the basic credit point of any research; (c) Logical and Systematic- Research is guided by logic or reasoning; (d) Interesting and Importance- The problem formulated for research should be interesting for the readers and the problem should be significant enough and involve an important principle or practice; (e) Relation between Variables- The problem under study must be in a position to highlight the nature, extent and implicatio ns that exist among variables of the study; (f) Availability of adequate information on data- The research work chosen should ensure the devices and procedures etc. 2.9. DIFFICULTIES OF RESEARCH IN INDIA: India is a pluralistic country. It is not only pluralistic in religion, geographic conditions, body color, living standards etc., but also pluralistic in economic conditions. It generally, possesses characteristics of a typical Under Developed Country (UDC). Before explaining the difficulties that the researchers in India are facing, it is better to narrate some of the distinctive characteristics of the Indian economy. 1. Low Per Capita Income: Indias per capita income is very low compared to the developed countries of the world. The World Development Report 2005 categorized India as a low income category (GNI per capita of $765 or less in 2003) calculated on basis of income aggregates. Similarly, India is also placed in the category of Medium Human Development countries category with HDI value as between 0.05 to 0.799 calculated, based on the human development aggregates in the world. 2. Inequalities in Income Distribution: Another related characteristic of the Indian economy is the prevalence of gross inequalities. The World Bank, in its World Development Report, 2002, has revealed that the richest 10 per cent took 33.5 per cent of the total income and the poorest 10 per cent received only 3.5 per cent of the total income distribution in India. The larger number of people in the top group includes owners and managers in the private sector, managers of public enterprises, workers in large public and private sector enterprises, government workers at the middle levels and small family farmers in the prosperous rural areas. 3. Predominance of Agriculture: Agriculture is the mainstay of Indian economy. Agriculture and allied sectors contribute nearly 22 per cent of Gross Domestic Product of India, while about 65-70 per cent of the population is dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. 4. Low Productivity: There are wide difference in the level of productivity in different sectors between the advanced and the backward countries. The average productivity in Indian agriculture is about 40 times below the productivity level in U.S.A. and Canara. Difference in the industrial productivity between advanced and backward nations is also found to be very significant. 5. Technological Backwardness: The techniques of production employed in most of the sectors of the underdeveloped economics are either absolute or outdated. In India, for example, agriculture is still carried out with the centuries old techniques. Similarly, modernization in the industrial sector is also found to be very limited, as most of the industries still employ techniques which have been long discarded in the western countries. The transport sector still needs more improvement. 6. Deficiency in Capital: A common characteristic of all the underdeveloped countries is the deficiency in capital. The rate of capital formation in India has been depressing low. 7. Rapid Growth of Population: The rate of growth of population in underdeveloped countries is generally very high. This is primarily because of the high birth rate and low death rate. 8. Existence of Unemployed and Disguised Unemployment: Unemployment, underemployment and disguised unemployment are very common feature of the underdeveloped nation, as India. Since, population grows rapidly, labour is a prime factor and it is not possible to provide employment to all the people who are capable of work and willing to work. Consequently unemployment and underemployment is found to be very common. In the agricultural sector of the economy, disguised unemployment exists to a considerable degree. 9. Poor Quality of Human Capital: Human capital implies the quality of the countrys labour force. It is the labour which has to play a great role in building up the economy. Public expenditure on education, medical care and social services goes a long way to improve the quality of labour in the nation. Unfortunately, in India masses still continue to be illiterate and ignorant. For this reason, India is lack of skilled experts in various sectors. 10. Under-utilisation of Natural Resources: In India, still now a large proportion of its forest are laying unexploited. Similarly, the water resources of the country are again remaining unutilized. A better use of all these actual and potential resources pave the way in support of improvement in economic activity and the volume of national production, hence, level of living. The above features and remaining more, point out that India is an underdeveloped country. In the years after independence the government of India has awakened to the need of economic development of the country and has made an organized effort and initiated the process of development in the country. As a result of these efforts the pace of development has gathered momentum and the country is making a steady progress towards development. In such a situation, it is very easy on the part of a researcher to find out accurate problems/ideas/objectives of research within a short span of time. But in the process of execution of research work, he/she may face numbers of difficulties. These difficulties generally emerge as bottlenecks in the process of research in our country. Even though, the literature points out about the presence of a number of huddles that the researchers generally face, some important factors are narrated below: 1. Lack of Specialized Institutions: In India, we have lack of specialized research institutions for conducting frequent research and development in our preferred areas, particularly in management. 2. Lack of Adequate Source of Literature: Since we are lack of adequate specialized research institutions, hence, there is lack of rich library for getting adequate literature. Even though in some particular cities there exist rich libraries but still they seem to be very few in numbers in comparison to requirement. In such a situation, the researchers are spending huge amount towards maintenance expenditure before the collection of required materials. This task is expensive and also time consuming. Such facts are generally de-motivating the researchers. 3. Lack of Adequate Data: Collection of primary data is time consuming and expensive. In India, a researcher is not getting adequate data for conducting research work. There are few organizations that collect primary data (panel data) from the field periodically. But the cost of the data available for sell is very high. For example, suppose a person is interested in consumer expenditure data. The best source of data is that of NSSO unit record data. It is surprising that the data CD of 61st round consumer data costs around Rs. 18000/-, which is very expensive and is beyond the limit of the individual researcher(s). 4. Lack of Experts: We have very limited experts in different fields of research in social sciences and also in management. Since, we have limited institutions and also because of improper salary structure in comparison to developed countries, experts are getting maximum exposure in developed countries and also the working environment is also very attractive and good. This encourages most of our scholars to settle abroad. 5. Technical Bottlenecks: Technology in 21st century is changing very faster. But in India most of the research scholars are using traditional means of technology in research, which are both time consuming and requires more personal involvement. 5. Infant Industry Condition: Most of the industries in India are in Infant stage. For this reason, the industries in India are lack of their own research and development cell. Since, the execution of independent research is expensive, requires more time and human resources, thus, the industries prefer to conduct research through consultants and NGOs, rather than opening up of their own RD department. 6. Dualistic Economy: Indian industrial sector shows dualistic economic structure i.e., the presence of modern sector and the traditional sector. Similarly, small pockets of development exist in towns and metropolitan cities where the industry has grown and the trade is flourishing. On the other hand, the rural areas continue to be in the grip of backwardness, poverty and stagnation. All these create problems to the researcher to get adjusted with these dualistic natures of the economy. 7. Democratic form of Government: Since, Indian constitution is adopting the democratic form of Government; hence, we have no strict legal code and conduct for the research. By the way, it is essential for the formation of a code and conduct specifying methodologies and procedure of research and related issues to make the research process more uniform and ethical. 8. Lack of Adequate Financial Assistance to Researcher: There is lack of certain economic institutions like financial institutions and credit agencies for funding the research work. As funding is not available, it is discouraging research work. 9. Time Consuming: Research process is mostly time consuming. Since we are using all most all the traditional technique of research, hence, it requires much time. This is discouraging for further research. 2.10 LINKING RESEARCH TO PRACTICE: Olivier Serrat (2005) of Asian Development Bank, in his volume ‘Linking Research to Practice which is meant for ADBs series of knowledge solutions pointed out that research greatly exceeds its application in practice. So, he pointed out that researchers must pay greater attention to the production of their research findings in a flexible range of formats in recognition of the varied needs of readers. To him, research is about both generation and enunciation of findings. An enunciate policy is the expression of a research institutions mission and values to its staff members and to the public. It establishes a common vision and the values and measures that can be engaged to achieve accessibility to information content. An enunciate policy can be an effective and economical instrument that links research to practice but in reality it is observed that except few there may be rarely such other institute who are following this in practice. Thus, he advocated for the definite existenc e of an enunciation policy and an enunciation plan for each research agenda. Enunciation tactics will then automatically come into play. Drawing a Enunciate Plan: The most successful enunciate processes are usually designed before the start of a research agenda. It should produce a response-utilization of the research findings-on the part of users. While drawing an enunciation plan, researchers should consider at least the following seven major elements: a. Impact and Outcomes: What is the desired impact of enunciation? What outcomes does the enunciation plan aim to accomplish? In what ways the users are benefited? b. Users: Which users are most affected by the research? Which would be most interested in learning of the research findings? What are their scope and characteristics? c. Information Content: Does the information content match the users expressed informational needs? Does the comprehension level require to understand the information content that match the characteristics of the users? Is the information content reviewed through a quality control mechanism to ensure accuracy and relevance? d. Medium: What is the most effective enunciation method to reach each user group? What reso

Universal Grammar

Modern universal grammar is a result of the advancement of evolutionary psychology as portrayed by Charles Darwin's evolutionary theories. Darwin believed that evolutionary psychology gave the human race it’s â€Å"first systematic way of understanding ourselves†. Grammar, while varying by language, is understood to be a systematic and proper for humans to communicate with each other and its use a result of natural selection given the youtube video, â€Å"Charles Darwin’s Legacy†.In â€Å"Charles Darwin’s Legacy† Richard Levins, a professor at the Harvard School of Public Health, stated that, â€Å"there has always been a tradition which tended to look for a place for everything and everything in it’s place†. Grammar fits this description as a human tradition which has evolved based on the language and preference of the elite. For example, 19th century aristocrats utilized far more advanced grammar than the working class of the same era whom most likely used little to no grammar structure whatsoever.Before the separation of human beings by social and economic status, the only thing people needed to communicate with one another were words. Over the centuries communication in itself has become a dull trait. One can not simply communicate, but must have the skill of communication. This is the foundation of how universal grammar was developed. In addition, Darwin was a firm believer of the eugenics movements and as such believed that â€Å"important people bred important people. The logic behind this statement makes sense when related to language considering that one’s offspring would most likely speak the language of their parents. As such, if the elite were to develop a systematic form of written language, such as grammar, then their offspring would not only continue the usage of said grammar, but develop and add on to the established. In time grammar will continue to evolve and it’s developme nt will alter by each generation.

Carbon Capture And Storage A Means Of Limiting...

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Terrorist Attacks On The World Trade Center - 1170 Words

There is little doubt that the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York on September 11 drastically changed America’s sense of security in recent years. Yet the country is facing another kind of threat, one that is not entirely different than the dangers of terrorism at a global scale: domestic terrorism. At its core, domestic terrorism differs from any other type of terrorism in the sense that those who carry it out are citizens or permanent residents of a given country and who inflict violence and intimidation against their fellow citizens or permanent residents in the pursuit of political aims (Sharpe, 2000, p. 606). In that sense, domestic terrorism may also be called homegrown terrorism. Perhaps the best, and most gruesome, example that shows the difference between domestic terrorism and other types of terrorism is the bombing of the World Trade Center. 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